Везде
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLES PHYSICS AND THE HISTORY OF ITS CREATION
Table of contents
Annotation Estimate Publication content
References Comments
Share
QR
Metrics
SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE STANDARD MODEL IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLES PHYSICS AND THE HISTORY OF ITS CREATION
Annotation
PII
S1811-833X0000617-8-1
Publication type
Article
Status
Published
Authors
Vladimir Vizgin 
Edition
Volume 57 Issue 3
Pages
160-175
Abstract
The article соnsiders the socio-cultural aspects of the standard model (SM) in elementary particle physics and history of its creation. SM is a quantum field gauge theory of electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions, which is the basis of the modern theory of elementary particles. The process of its elaboration covers a twenty-year period: from 1954 (the concept of gauge fields by C.Yang and R.Mills) to the early 1970s., when the construction of renormalized quantum chromodynamics and electroweak theory wеre completed. The socio-cultural aspects of SM are explored on the basis of a quasi-empirical approach, by studying the texts of its creators and participants in the relevant events. We note also the important role of such an "external" factor as large-scale state projects on the creation of nuclear and thermonuclear weapons, which provided personnel and financial support for fundamental research in the field of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics (the implementation of thermonuclear projects took place just in the 1950s, and most of the theorists associated with the creation of SM were simultaneously the main developers of thermonuclear weapons, especially in the USSR). The formation of SM is considered as a competition between two research programs (paradigms) - gauge-field and phenomenological, associated with the rejection of the field concept. The split of the scientific community of physicists associated with this competition is going on during this period. It’s accompanied by a kind of "negotiations", which in the early 1970s lead to the triumph of the gauge field program and the restoration of the unity of the scientific community. The norms and rules of the scientific ethos played the regulatory role in this process. The scientific-realistic position of the metaphysical attitudes of the majority of theorists and their negative attitude to the concepts of philosophical relativism and social construction of scientific knowledge are emphasized. Some features of the history of SM creation are also noted, such as the positive role of aesthetic judgments; "scientific-school" form of research (in the USSR), its pros and cons; a connection to historical-scientific "drama of ideas" with "dramas of people" who made a wrong choice and (or) "missed their opportunities".
Keywords
standard model, elementary particles, fundamental interactions, gauge fields, socio-cultural aspects, thermonuclear weapons, competition of research programs, scientific ethos, scientific schools, scientific realism
Date of publication
01.09.2020
Number of purchasers
11
Views
422
Readers community rating
0.0 (0 votes)
Cite Download pdf

References



Additional sources and materials

    

  1. Cao, T.Yu. Conceptual Development of the 20th Century Field Theories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, xx+433 pp.
    2. 

  2. Faddeev, L.D. “Avtobiografia” [Autobiography], [https: //ru.calameo.com/read/ 0051590110a19c2b2324c3?page=1, accessed on 20.03.2020]. (In Russian)
    3. 

  3. Feinberg, E.L. “Kak vazhno inogda byt’ konservativnym” [The Importance of Being Conservative on Occasion], in: V.L. Ginzburg (ed.). Feinberg Evgenii L’vovich: lichnost’ skvoz’ prizmu pamyati [Evgeny Lvovich Feinberg: Personality Through the Prism of Memory]. Moscow: Fizmatlit, 2008, pp. 324‒338. (In Russian)
    4. 

  4. Goldberg, D. Vselennaya v zerkale zadnego vida [The Universe in the Rearview Mirror]. Moscow: AST, 2019, 416 pp. (In Russian)
    5. 

  5. Gross D. “Otkrytie asimptotixheskoi svobody i poyavlenie kvantovoi khromodinamiki” [The Discovery of Asymptotic Freedom and the Emergence of QCD)”, Nobelevskie lektsii po fizike [The Nobel Lectures on Physics 1995‒2004]. MoscowIzhevsk, 2009, pp. 727‒752. (In Russian)
    6. 

  6. Ivanenko, D.D. (ed), Elementarnye chastitsy i kompensiruyushchie polya [Elementary Particles and Gauge Fields. Collected Papers]. Moscow: Mir, 1964, 300 pp. (In Russian)
    7. 

  7. Isaev, P.S. Obyknovennye, strannye, ocharovannye, prekrasnye…: Ob istorii razvitiya teoreticheskikh ideii v fizike elementarnykh chastits. Izdanie 2. [Ordinary, Strange, Charmed, Beautiful…: On the History of the Theoretical Ideas’ Development in the Physics of the Elementary Particles. 2nd ed.]. Moscow: LENAND, 2015, 320 pp. (In Russian)
    8. 

  8. Konopleva, N.P. A.Z. Petrov I yego vremya: moi vospominaniya [A.Z. Petrov and His Times: My Memories]. Dubna: Preprint OIYaI (P2‒2012‒52), 2012, 29 pp. (In Russian)
    9. 

  9. Konopleva, N.P., Popov, V.N. Kalibrovochnye polya, 2-e izdanie [Gauge Fields,2nd ed]. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1980, 240 pp. (In Russian)
    10. 

  10. Mills, R. “Gauge Fields”, American Journal of Physics, 1989, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 493‒507.
    11. 

  11. Moriyasu, R. An Elementary Primer for Gauge Theory. Singapore: World Scientific Publ., 1983, 177 pp.
    12. 

  12. Okun, L.B. Leptony i kvarki [Leptons and Quarks]. Moscow: Nauka, 1981, 304 pp. (In Russian)
    13. 

  13. Pais, A. Inward Bound: Of Matter and Forces in the Physical World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986, xvi+666 pp
    14. 

  14. Pais, A. Genii nauki [The Geniuses of Science]. Moscow: Institut komp’yuternykh issledovanii, 2002, 448 pp. (In Russian)
    15. 

  15. Sakharov, A.D. Vospominaniya v dvukh tomakh, tom 1 [Memories in 2 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Prava cheloveka, 1996, 912 pp. (In Russian)
    16. 

  16. Utiyama R. K chemu prishla fizika. Ot teorii otnositel’nosti k teorii kalibrovochnykh poleii [What Physics Have Come To. From Relativity Theory to the Theory of Gauge Fields]. Moscow: Znanie, 1986, 224 pp. (In Russian)
    17. 

  17. Vizgin, V.P. “Formirovaniye nauchnogo soobshchestva otechestvennykh fisikovatomshchikov: lyudi, instituty, vedomstva” [Generation of the Scientific Community of Russian Atomic Scientists: People, Institutes, Departments], Vestnik RGNF, 2006, no. 1 (42), pp. 123‒135. (In Russian)
    18. 

  18. Vizgin, V.P. “Metafizicheskie aspekty kosmologii v nauchnoii shkole Ya. B. Zel’dovicha” [Metaphysical Aspects of the Cosmology in the Ya.B. Zeldovich’s Scientific Sсhool], Metafizika, 2016, no. 1 (19), pp. 31‒61. (In Russian)
    19. 

  19. Vizgin, V.P., Kessenikh, A.V. “Nauchnye shkoly v istorii otechestvennoii fiziki” [Science Schools in the History of Russian Physics]”, Issledovaniya po istorii fiziki I mekhaniki, 2014‒2015. Moscow: Yanus-K, 2016, pp. 177‒206. (In Russian)
    20. 

  20. Vizgin, V.P. “Neterova struktura fizicheskikh teorii: istoricheskie i filosofskonauchnye aspekty. K 100-letiye teoremy Neter o svyazi printsipov simmetrii s zakonami sokhraneniya” [Noetherian Structure of the Physical Theories: Historical and Philosophical Scientific Aspects. To the Centenary of Noether’s Theorem on the Interconnection Between Symmetry Principles and Conservation Laws], Metafizika, 2018, no. 4 (30), pp. 81‒112. (In Russian)
    21. 

  21. Vizgin, V.P. “Metafizicheskie aspekty standartnoii modeli v fizike elementarnykh chastits i istorii eyo sozdaniya” [Metaphysical Aspects of the Standard Model in the Physics of the Elementary Particles and the History of the Its Creation], Metafizika, 2020, (in print). (In Russian)
    22. 

  22. Vizgin, V.P. “U istokov standartnoii modeli v fizike fundamentalnykh vzaimodeistvii” [The Origines of the Standard Model of the Fundamental Interactions Physics]”, Issledovaniya po istorii fiziki i mekhaniki [Inquiry in the History of Physics and Mechanics], 2020 (in print). (In Russian)
    23. 

  23. Weinberg, S. Mechty ob okonchatel’noii teorii [Dream of a Final Theory]. Moscow: URSS, 2004, 256 pp. (In Russian)
    24. 

  24. Weinberg, S. Ob’yasnyaya mir: istoki sovremennoii nauki [To Explain the World: the Discovery of Modern Science]. Moscow: Alpina non-fikshn, 2016, 474 pp. (In Russian).
    25. 

  25. Wilczek F. “Asimptoticheskaya svoboda: ot paradoksov k paradigmam” [Asimptotic Freedom: From Paradox to Paradigm], Nobelevskie lektsii po fizike. 1995‒2004 [The Nobel Lectures on Physics, 1995‒2004]. Moscow, Izhevsk: Institut komp’yuternykh issledovanii, 2009, pp. 767‒795. (In Russian)
    26. 

  26. Zhang, D.Z., “Interview of C.N. Yang”, in: C.S. Liu & S.T. Yau (eds.). C.N. Yang. Boston: International Press, 1995, p. 457.
    27.

Comments

No posts found

Write a review
Translate